One of the key responsibilities of a DBA is ensuring that a database is properly tuned. Database tuning helps increase performance and efficiencies. There are several reasons that a DBA should do performance tuning. The first reason is that computing speed can waste valuable time as users wait for a response. Also, it will enable a system to keep up with the pace at which business is conducted. The third reason is that it optimizes the use of its hardware, this saves money.
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Where should Oracle tuning be focused? Here are areas that should be considered for tuning. Keep in mind that the order of these steps is important to prevent side effects during the process.
Designing The Database
Poor system performance is generally caused by poor database design. Generally the database should be normalized to the 3NF. Selective denormalization can supply important performance improvements. When designing the database you should always keep the “data access path” in mind. Finally, look at proper data partitioning, data replication, aggregation tables for decision support systems, etc.
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Tuning of the Application
By coding optimal SQL most Oracle system performance issues can be avoided. Batch tasks should be scheduled by a DBA after peak working hours.
Memory Tuning
In order to properly size your database buffers, you must look at buffer hit ratios, wait events, system swapping and paging, and more. Another option is to pin large objects into memory to prevent numerous reloads.
Tune Disk I/O
For maximum disk subsystem throughout check for proper sizing and placement of database files. In addition, look for frequent disk sorts, full table scans, missing indexes, row chaining, data fragmentation, etc.
Eliminate Database Contention
Review latches, database locks, and wait events eliminate as many as possible.
Tune the Operating System
Monitor and tune I/O, memory utilization, and CPU operating system.
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By following the steps above, the Oracle tuning process should be effective and database performance improved.
